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菜餅與菜粕都是油菜籽提取油脂后的副產(chǎn)品，被廣泛應(yīng)用在各種動物飼料中，具有較高的營養(yǎng)價值。但由于提取油脂的工藝不同，他們又存在較多的差異。
菜餅是油菜籽經(jīng)過機械壓榨提取油脂的副產(chǎn)品，由于壓榨的機型和溫度不同，低溫壓榨的為冷榨餅即青餅，高溫壓榨的為熱榨餅即紅餅；
菜粕是油菜籽經(jīng)過有機溶劑預(yù)壓浸提法提取油脂后的副產(chǎn)品，根據(jù)機型和生產(chǎn)工藝不同又分為一次粕和二次粕。
菜餅與菜粕的主要區(qū)別點
首先，由于提取油脂的工藝不同，存在外觀差異：
菜餅一般為瓦片塊狀，青餅顏色發(fā)青，紅餅顏色發(fā)紅；青餅有油香辣味，紅餅則較香有焦味。菜粕形狀為細(xì)顆粒狀，含有一定量的淡黃色粉末；顏色一次粕呈淡黃褐色，二次粕顏色較深；味道一次粕有淡淡的香辣味，二次粕則有較濃的香味。
其次，菜餅與菜粕內(nèi)在質(zhì)量存在較大差異：
1、水分差異：菜餅通常小于10%，一般在6-9%之間，不同加工點或同一加工點不同批次的菜餅水分都不一樣；菜粕是大的油脂廠生產(chǎn)，水分容易控制，不同廠家生產(chǎn)菜粕水分相差不大，一般在12-12.5%。
2、蛋白差異：菜餅蛋白含量為34-36%，菜粕蛋白含量一級菜粕≥41%，二級菜粕≥39%，三級菜粕≥37%，四級菜粕≥35%，飼料廠通常采購使用的是三級菜粕。
3、蛋白溶解度差異：青餅蛋白溶解度較高，且差異也較大，通常在60-98%，紅餅蛋白溶解度則較低，通常在20%甚至更低；一次粕蛋白溶解度在40-45%之間，二次粕的蛋白溶解度則低于30%。
4、脂肪含量差異：由于機械壓榨不可能把菜籽中的油脂完全壓榨干凈，因此菜餅脂肪含量較高，為6-9%之間；菜粕是經(jīng)過預(yù)熱壓榨后再進行有機溶劑浸提，因此，菜粕脂肪含量較低，為2%左右。
5、抗?fàn)I養(yǎng)因子不同：菜餅特別是青餅在加工過程中采用低溫壓榨，抗?fàn)I養(yǎng)因子沒有被完全破壞，因此抗?fàn)I養(yǎng)因子的含量較高；菜粕是菜籽經(jīng)過較長時間的低溫入榨溫度特殊處理，抗?fàn)I養(yǎng)因子基本被破壞，因此抗?fàn)I養(yǎng)因子含量較低，特別是大型油脂廠采購雙底菜籽，生產(chǎn)出的菜粕芥酸和硫甙含量都很低。
6、菜餅更容易摻假，菜餅是作坊式的加工點生產(chǎn)，在生產(chǎn)過程中不法商販在菜籽中加入糠麩、花生殼、石粉等。菜粕都是較大的油脂廠生產(chǎn)的副產(chǎn)品，廠家都很注重質(zhì)量，注重誠信，一般不會摻假，同時通過菜粕感官鑒定也很容易判定是否有摻假現(xiàn)象。
基于菜餅和菜粕的以上差異，我們要建議飼料廠家不采購、不使用二次粕和紅餅，盡量使用一次粕，由于青餅價格比菜粕低，脂肪含量也較高，可以使用少量的青餅代替少部分菜粕。
The English version
CaiBing and rapeseed meal is a by-product of rapeseed after extracting oil, widely used in all kinds of animal feed, has high nutritional value. But because of the different extraction oil technology, they have many differences.
CaiBing is a byproduct of rapeseed after mechanical crushing extraction oil, due to the squeezing model and different temperature, the cold pressing of cold pressed cake is blue cake, hot press for hot press cake: red cake;
Rapeseed meal is rapeseed after extraction using organic solvent prepressing extraction oil byproducts, according to different models and production process is divided into a meal and a second meal.
The main the mark CaiBing and rapeseed meal
First of all, because of the different extraction oil technology, exterior differences:
CaiBing for tiles commonly block, blue cake blue color, red color is red; Blue cake incense oil spicy, red cake is sweet to have burnt flavour. Rapeseed meal for fine granular shape, containing a certain amount of light yellow powder; A meal a yellowish brown color, darker second meal; Taste a meal has a hint of spiciness, second meal has a strong smell.
Second, CaiBing inner quality of rapeseed meal with larger differences:
1, the difference of moisture: CaiBing usually less than 10%, generally between 6-9%, different processing centers or different batches of the same processing centers CaiBing moisture is different; Rapeseed meal is big YouZhiChang production, easy to control water, water were similar, different manufacturer production rapeseed meal in 12-12.5%.
2, the difference of protein: CaiBing is 34-36%, protein content in rapeseed meal protein level of rapeseed meal 41% or higher, secondary rapeseed meal 39% or higher, level 3:37% or higher, level 4:35% or more, usually purchase using three levels of rapeseed meal feed mills.
3, the difference of protein solubility: blue cake protein solubility is higher, and the difference is bigger also, usually in the 60-98%, red cake protein solubility is low, usually at or below 20%; A meal protein solubility between 40-45%, the second meal protein solubility is below 30%.
4, fat content differences: due to mechanical press cannot be put in the rapeseed oil squeeze completely clean, therefore CaiBing adipose content is higher, for 6-9%; Rapeseed meal was conducted after preheating squeezing and organic solvent extraction, therefore, rapeseed meal fat content is low, at around 2%.
5, different antinutritional factors: CaiBing especially blue cake in the machining process using cold pressing, antinutritional factors have not been destroyed, so the antinutritional factors of the content is higher; Rapeseed meal is rapeseed after a long time of low temperature into the pressing temperature special processing, antinutritional factors basic are destroyed, so the antinutritional factors content is low, especially large YouZhiChang double bottom rapeseed purchasing, producing wheat erucic acid and sulfur glucoside content is very low.
6, CaiBing easier to adulterated, CaiBing is mill production processing centers, in the process of production pusher add bran in rapeseed, peanut shell, powder, etc. Rapeseed meal is a by-product of the larger YouZhiChang production, manufacturers are very pay attention to quality, pay attention to integrity, generally not adulterated, at the same time through the rapeseed meal sensory evaluation is also easy to determine whether there is a phenomenon of adulteration.
CaiBing and rapeseed meal based the above differences, we would suggest feed manufacturer not buy, do not use the second meal and red cake, use a meal as far as possible, because the blue cake price low rapeseed meal, fat content is higher, also can use a small amount of blue cake instead of a small number of rapeseed meal.
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